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Hasta hace poco tiempo, la participación de la mujer en las actividades deportivas de alto impacto ha tomado gran impulso. Sin embargo, las estadísticas apuntan a que exige una serie de daños a los que son más proclives ellas que ellos. Entre esos daños se destaca la lesiones de rodilla . De hecho, se calcula que las féminas tienen un riesgo hasta cuatro veces mayor que los varones . Así que convendría saber por qué ocurre esto.
Factor anatómico La anatomía de la mujer está concebida para un embarazo y un parto por vía vaginal. De tal forma, que la anchura de las caderas es mayor que la del hombre. Esta diferencia facilita el desarrollo y crecimiento del bebé. Pero esta anchura repercute en la alteración del ángulo de los huesos que intervienen en la articulación de la rodilla . Esta alineación forza la rodilla y esto hace que sea más vulnerable a las lesiones.
Factor muscular
Las mujeres tienen un menor tono muscular por cuestión fisiológica. Esto es relevante cuando se trata del glúteo medio, los isquiotibiales y los cuádriceps, ya que estos músculos son los que dan estabilidad a la rodilla y la mantiene alineada con la cadera y es resto del cuerpo. Así que si la mujer carece de tonificación aunado a una inestabilidad, está más expuesta a torsiones y movimientos forzados pueden generar una lesión.
Factor hormonal Las hormonas femeninas (estrógenos) tienen influencia directa en la laxitud de los tejidos. Esto provoca que las mujeres sean más flexibles que los varones, lo que hace que sean más aptas para ciertos deportes. Así que la mujer es un blanco fácil para las lesiones de rodilla, debido a que los tendones y ligamentos que están encargados de sujetar y estabilizar la rodilla en momentos críticos no logran hacer la función bien.
Asimismo, existen estudios que demuestran que el ciclo menstrual causa cambios en la síntesis de proteínas y fribroblastos, compuestos para dar fuerza y tono a los tejidos. Al igual que los anticonceptivos, tienen repercusión que aumentan el riesgo a lesionarse.
Así que para contrarrestar estas situaciones, habría que trabajar la propiocepción para mejorar la carrera, el salto y la pisada. Además de realizar estudios de biomecánica para una mejor pisada con un calzado específico y diseñar planes de entrenamiento que refuercen la musculatura que implique estabilidad y protección en la rodilla .
Erika
Licenciada en gastronomía por profesión y cocinera experimental por vocación. Con un estilo de vida saludable y responsable que va de la alimentación sana y el entrenamiento constante. Perfil de Linkedin